Contents
- Packing
- Trailer vs. Panniers
- Choosing a Bike
- Repair
- Maps, Navigation
- Camping
- Security
- Safety
- Night Riding
- Training
- Budget
Packing
To borrow a backpacking pearl of wisdom: after acquiring all your gear, lay it out in front of you. From this pile, remove everything you don’t need. From what remains, cut that pile in half.
It is vitally important not to over-pack. Though one may be willing to walk a bike uphill, it is still a burden to pull an overloaded bike into a store, through an urban area, or through a secluded path. The mobility of a bike is greatly affected by the weight attached to it.
Trailer vs. Panniers
It is a common dilemma to the prospective cyclist: trailer or panniers? The decision can be made simple by considering a few things.
Trailer
A bicycle trailer hooks to the rear axle of the bike, and is pulled on one or two wheels. The BOB trailer is an example of a one-wheel configuration; the Burley Nomad is an example of a two-wheel configuration.
By way of simple logic, the BOB trailer is a better trailer for a cycle tourist. Unlike the Burley Nomad, the BOB is composed of steel tubing with a steel mesh underbelly. The Nomad is composed of fabric panels, leaving the underbelly especially vulnerable to scrapes and cuts from rocks and boulders.
The optional cargo bag of the BOB is waterproof and can be easily removed to bring inside a store or hotel. Alternatively, a backpack can perform the same objective. Both can be secured to the trailer with Pacsafe mesh. The trailer itself can be chained to the bike or a pole.
Unfortunately, the Nomad has gaps in the fabric where rain can easily enter. It offers no way of protecting the contents from theft, save pulling it inside a store. Unfortunately, the trailer is too wide to fit in most doorways without metal scraping the doorframe.
The two-wheeled Nomad is wider than the BOB, making it more prone to bumping into things. The BOB is narrower. The tire of the BOB trailer follows the path of the bike tires much more closely than the Nomad, making it easier to avoid broken glass. In addition, one less tire means less maintenance and repair.
To the Nomad’s credit, it has 2400 cubic inches more cargo carrying capacity than the BOB’s optional cargo bag. Also, because of the two-wheeled configuration, the weight of the trailer rests on its own axle, not the bike’s axle. The two-wheel design provides more stability. The Nomad is easier to pack for transport in an airplane.
All things considered, for roughly $40 more, the BOB trailer is definitely a better buy
Panniers
Panniers attach to the front and/or rear of the bike via racks. The heavier gear generally goes in the roomier rear panniers. Bulky items, such as a tent or sleeping pad, go on the top of the rear rack. Since the front wheel is used for steering, the front panniers generally hold lighter items.
Some prefer panniers for a variety of reasons. Because gear is separated among four bags, organization is easier. A front and rear pannier system can weigh over ten pounds less than a bike trailer. In addition, the use of panniers does not require the inclusion of another one or two tires, such as with the trailer.
Panniers are not without their disadvantages. A pannier system generally costs more and has less storage capacity. Because of the racks, general maintenance and repair of the bike and the tires is more difficult. Panniers also make a bike more difficult to balance and rest in an upright position.
Because more weight is on the bike, spokes run a higher risk of breakage. Tires are more prone to wear. The bike frame is exposed to greater stresses altogether.
It is difficult to protect gear when leaving the bike. The only safe options are to bring the bike with the bags, or all four bags without the bike.
A bicycle must be equipped with attachment points for the racks. Also, the bike must be able to handle the weight. Mountain bikes with suspension require special racks.
Bruce Gordon, Old Man Mountain, and REI offer bike racks of varying quality, configuration, and price.
Arkel, Ortlieb, and Jandd provide quality panniers.
Choosing a Bike
The right bike depends on the terrain and riding preference. More than any piece of equipment, a bike can make or break a tour.
Steel, Aluminum, Titanium, Carbon Fiber?
In his article entitled Bicycle Frame Materials, Sheldon Brown reviews the merits of different materials in frame construction.
He concludes that although different materials have different properties, manufacturers often compensate the differences by using different frame constructions. This is why aluminum frames are generally wider and thicker than steel frames.
He believes that steel, aluminum, and titanium are all good for short, to medium distance touring, with titanium being the most durable, and steel being the heaviest. For long-distance tours in developing countries, he advocates the use of steel frames, as they are the easiest to weld. He also remarks that carbon fiber is a promising technology, but not yet mature.
As far as comfort is concerned, frame materials have a negligible impact when compared with frame geometry, tires, saddles, and rider positioning.
Comfort
Comfort on the road should be the primary objective of the cycle tourist. Some basic considerations should be factored in before purchasing a bike.
Whatever the bike, it must fit. The body mustn’t stretch out or crunch up when reaching for the handlebars. Elbows should be slightly bent. When standing, there should be at least a 3/4 inch clearance between top tube and crotch. In mountain bikes, the clearance should be at least 2 inches.
Peter White reviews the principles of fit in his article, How to Fit a Bicycle. Sheldon Brown reviews different principles of fit and comfort in his articles entitled Bicycling and Pain, and Hands Up! After careful study of these principles, it may still be prudent to get professionally fitted for a bike.
A saddle is the most obvious comfort consideration. Some people may require going through a plethora of saddles before finding the right one, whereas some may find their first saddle adequate.
Some things to consider: If you feel your butt while in a sitting position, you will find two protruding bones. These bones support the weight of your body while sitting. A saddle must support these bones. If they do not, the soft tissue will take the brunt of the force and discomfort will quickly ensue.
Some may find a seat supporting these bones alone will be more comfortable. Others may find a seat supporting a wider area more comfortable.
Saddle material has a notable influence on comfort. Some swear by Brooks leather saddles. When considering a leather saddle, it is important to note that the breaking in process takes hundreds of miles and care must be taken not to get it wet. In addition, leather saddles need to be treated from time to time with an application of Proofide or something similar.
Touring Bike
For distance touring on roads and light gravel, a touring bicycle is the best option. A touring bike has many features that make it ideal for the unique abuses of life on the road.
The frame geometry is well suited for comfortable riding at distance. The handlebars offer many different riding positions and are generally wider, providing greater stability.
Frames are sturdier to handle greater weight. They provide numerous attachment points for luggage racks, fenders, lights, and water bottles. Cantilever breaks provide the needed clearance for fenders. A longer chainstay prevents the heel from hitting rear panniers. A wider gear ratio makes powering uphill easier.
Cannondale, Trek, and Bruce Gordon offer touring-specific models.
Road Bike
For shorter, lightweight tours on roads, a road bike is generally a good idea. However, if speed is a concern on longer tours, a road bike with a more comfortable saddle and minimal weight can work out fine. It is important not to overload the more fragile frame of a road bike.
The frame geometry of a road bike is well suited for aerodynamics. This can become a major discomfort when riding extends for many days. The gearing range may not be adequate for the addition of extra weight. A road bike may not have the appropriate attachment points to hold a cargo rack for panniers.
Mountain Bike
On rough terrain, there is no alternative to a mountain bike. The suspension and larger tires of a mountain bike make travel on secluded trails possible.
Equipped with narrower tires, a mountain bike may make a fine touring bike for paved roads or light gravel. The riding position is generally more comfortable, the gearing range is well suited for uphill battles, and the suspension can make for a smoother ride.
For mountain bikes, a BOB trailer is the best option for carrying gear, as it gets in the way the least.
Recumbent
Recumbents are incomparable in terms of comfort. Instead of sitting atop a saddle, the rider sits, back supported, in a seat. The pedals are located ahead of the rider, seat level. This position is ideal for touring cyclists, as it reduces back, neck, arm, and wrist strain. The natural position of the head makes viewing surroundings easier.
It may be of surprise to some that recumbents hold many world speed records. The aerodynamic profile of a recumbent significantly reduces wind resistance.
When viewing a recumbent, it becomes clear that pedaling power comes at different angles. When pedaling uphill, instead of standing up, the rider pushes back against the seat. It is debatable as to whether one technique is more efficient. However, it is obvious that a rider new to recumbents will be weaker to start.
The low profile of a recumbent may decrease visibility to motor vehicles. When pedaling at low speeds, it is generally more difficult to remain balanced.
Due to the position of the pedals above the front wheel, drivetrains tend to be more complex. Chains tend to be of greater length. Since recumbents haven’t gained popularity until recently, it may be difficult to find replacement parts while on the road.
Despite the drawbacks, it would be of great benefit for a cyclist to take a recumbent for a test ride. Recumbent Bike Riders has a listing of various recumbent manufacturers.
Repair
It is a good idea to know how to repair a flat tire. Likewise, it is good to have the equipment to repair a flat. Patches, spare tubes, tire levers, a frame pump, and even a spare tire are all important to pack. Also bring the following: a couple of adjustable wrenches, an assortment of appropriate sized hex keys, a screw driver, needle nose pliers, wire cutters, a spoke wrench, a chain tool, a spare chain, as well as brake and shifter cables.
A clean bike is a happy bike. Clean the bike after every ride with wd-40, leaving a very thin layer of lubricant over any metal parts, so as to prevent rust. Lightly grease the cables and the threads of bolts. Use a special lubricant for the chain, so that it does not dry out. Regular lubrication prevents the chain from gumming up, requiring a degreaser and heavy cleaning. Use dish gloves when cleaning and carry plenty of rags.
A book like Zinn and the Art of Road Bike Maintenance" is an important resource for maintaining and repairing a bike. A cycle tourist should know how to tune the bike and make basic repairs, even in developed countries.
Maps, Navigation
An individual might plan a route in a variety of fashions. Perhaps the most difficult is to purchase road maps and plot a course through rural routes.
A simpler method would be to purchase a GPS, such as the Garmin GPSMAP 60CSx. The 60CSx can plot bicycle friendly routes. However, over extended distances, these routes can prove uncomfortable or even dangerous.
The best option would be to find a bicycle friendly route created by an organization such as the Adventure Cycling Association. Bicycle routes planned by an organization tend to be more scenic and much safer. The maps tend to be tailored to provide data relevant to the cyclist.
When paired with a GPS, cycling maps tend to take on a greater depth. With a GPS, a cyclist can scroll around the immediate vicinity, looking for lodging, restaurants, detours, or names of streets. The 60CSx calculates speed, direction, elevation, and time of sunrise/sunset.
Camping
In my article entitled Backpacking, I outline the basics of efficient camping/backpacking.
Security
Never leave a bike or gear unlocked and unattended, not even for thirty seconds
A cycle tourist is at great risk of bike theft. All that fancy gear is like a treasure chest to the greedy. A bike should be locked up with both a U-lock, such as the highly rated Kryptonite Fahgettaboutit U Lock and a cable lock. Of course, these locks are useless if they’re attached to a flimsy fence or a tree.
The best system for protecting gear is the BOB trailer. If everything can fit in the optional cargo bag, the bag can be carried into a store or locker. If left outside, it should at least be protected with Pacsafe Mesh.
As for money, consider carrying travelers checks while on the road. Keep phone numbers to cancel credit cards in a safe place. Avoid carrying a lot of cash, especially in one spot.
Safety
Always wear a helmet. That goes without saying. Obey the rules of the road. A cycle tourist is an ambassador of the cycling culture. Reckless behavior is a black mark to us all.
Pedestrians are absent-minded. They cross the street without looking and stop in front of you if they do see you. Expect the unexpected. Consider attaching a bell.
Attach a rearview mirror to your bike. Always check behind you for errant motorists.
Practice riding fully loaded. A bike behaves very differently with weight. Always perform a full system check before a ride. Make sure everything is attached properly and nothing is loose. Do this periodically throughout a day of riding, especially before major descents.
Check your insurance policy to see if you are covered on the road. If not, consider getting a different plan. Hostelling International offers travel insurance with membership.
In Touch with the World
Always have a way to contact someone and set a regular time to call. A cell phone is an important tool to stay safe and connected with the world. Letstalk.com is a comprehensive resource for acquiring the right phone and the right plan.
In some places, however, cell phone reception may not be available. If this is a concern, consider a personal locator beacon in the event of an emergency. Be advised that you have to pay for the cost of a rescue after the fact.
Night Riding
Night riding should be avoided. Visibility is a concern. Motorists have trouble seeing bicyclists. Bicyclists have trouble seeing obstacles on the road.
Sometimes, night riding is inevitable. A reflect sash, a headlamp, and a tail light can prevent accidents. In some localities, these things are required by law.
Reflective sashes should be worn in the daytime as well.
Training
A cycle tour is physically, emotionally, and mentally demanding. Anyone with potential physical or mental conditions should consult professional assistance to determine if special training is necessary.
Serious Cycling
In his book entitled Serious Cycling, Edmund R. Burke, PhD, outlines the process of endurance training for racing. However, his techniques can easily be adapted to cycle touring.
In essence, he advocates starting out slow, building up mileage as weeks progress. In the beginning, rides shouldn’t extend beyond three hours. The cyclist should be able to talk during these sessions.
Every few weeks the cyclist should level off the mileage to allow the body to recover. After these plateaus, mileage may be increased if the body can tolerate the exertion. Eventually, the weight of a trailer or panniers may be added.
The key is to avoid overexertion. Prolonged soreness, lethargy, loss of appetite, insomnia, and listlessness are all signs off overtraining. The body should be given time to recover as these symptoms become pronounced. Cycling very light for thirty minutes a day can speed up the recovery, unless the symptoms are severe. In which case, an underlying physical condition, or extreme overtraining may be the culprit.
Performance Indicators
A heart rate monitor can be a valuable asset to monitor health and training progress. Target zone alarms can prevent a cyclist from overexertion or under exertion.
When paired with a power meter, more accurate data can be accumulated on training effect. However, power meters are expensive and the data may not be valuable to the typical cyclist.
Edmund Burke’s “Serious Cycling” outlines in greater detail the process of performance analysis.
Mock Tour
Mock tours are important to evaluate the effectiveness of equipment and technique. Things may look good on paper, but it isn’t until the rubber meets the road that equipment shows its true nature. It may be prudent to experiment with gear in anticipated inhospitable conditions, such as rain, cold, heat, and darkness. It is better to learn of inadequacies close to home than on the road.
Budget
It is important to gather the appropriate finances for a cycle tour. In order to accomplish this, one must come up with a realistic budget.
Food and shelter are two important things to consider. If relying on groceries, try spending a week eating as you would on the tour. Pack the panniers or trailer with food, don’t refrigerate it. Try to simulate cycling conditions as much as possible. Cook meals on a camp stove. Keep track of how much food was purchased and how much fuel was used. Add a little financial padding to this as a precaution.
Likewise, shop around for hotels, motels, B&B’s, and hostels. See how much it costs for each and factor in the average. Again, add financial padding.
Try to look for deals. For example, Hostelling International has great deals for members. This can knock the cost of lodging down. In addition, HI members are covered with travel insurance.
Price out equipment and supplies. Don’t forget the little things like toilet paper and nail clippers. Sierra Trading Post is a good place to look for deals. REI, and Amazon are good places to look for gear for the bicyclist. Get a credit card from either one to earn a little cash back and build good credit. Don’t bother, however, if you tend to spend more than you earn.
Keep savings in an interest bearing account. ING Direct is a great first step. If possible, look for a bank with branches along your cycling route.
As always, save extra in case of an emergency. That amount depends on the length of the tour and personal risk tolerance.
Resources:
How to Fit a Bicycle www.peterwhitecycles.com
What did you spend daily?
In the rural areas, I spent roughly $20-$30 a day on food, drink, and other necessities. Because I camped out on public land, I avoided camping fees for the most part. Although in some places I paid the $10 or so for bathrooms and running water if pipes weren’t frozen.
As for city, I stayed at hostels, ranging from $25-$35 a night. Anything else averages above $100 a night. Very difficult to urban camp safely.
I advise against hosteling in bigger rooms: too many smelly feet and snoring people. Also possible to run into shady people.
As for food in cities, I hovered towards Chinatown and not so touristy areas. Managed $30-$60 a day.
Spent tubes, patches, bike parts, and gear maintenance averaged roughly $15 a week.
I won’t get into audio equipment and research material for documenting travels, that was very expensive and not really representative of an average cycle tourist’s expenses.
I could have spent less overall, but I wanted to have a little fun. Money was spent freely in cities.
Hope this answers your question, please contact me for further clarifications.